# Articles Search Within Results Search Within Results search ## 9 results Show filters filter\_alt Sort by Year of PublicationAlphabetical A-Z sort ## 9 results Download 9 citations download- [BibTeX](/node/663701/export?format=bibtex) - [EndNote X3 XML](/node/663701/export?format=endnote8) - [EndNote 7 XML](/node/663701/export?format=endnote7) - [Endnote tagged](/node/663701/export?format=tagged) - [Marc](/node/663701/export?format=marc) - [PubMedId](/node/663701/export?format=pubmed_id) - [RIS](/node/663701/export?format=ris) ### 2025 González YM, Zarkin J. [Who Governs Policing? Mayors’ Strategic Linkages to Police in Latin American Cities](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00104140241269938). Comparative Political Studies . 2025;58(7):38. González YM, Zarkin J. [Who Governs Policing? Mayors’ Strategic Linkages to Police in Latin American Cities](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00104140241269938). Comparative Political Studies . 2025;58(7):38. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract What explains variation in mayors’ strategic linkages with police forces they do not formally control? This question is of central importance in Latin America, home to 43 of the 50 most violent cities in the world. As mayors with limited to no authority... ### 2023 [Beyond the Ballot Box: A Conversation About Democracy and Policing in the United States](https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-060722-103142). Annual Review of Political Science. 2023;26(1):32. [Beyond the Ballot Box: A Conversation About Democracy and Policing in the United States](https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-060722-103142). Annual Review of Political Science. 2023;26(1):32. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Political scientist Hakeem Jefferson (Stanford University) facilitated a discussion about race, policing, and the state of American democracy with fellow political scientists Cathy J. Cohen (University of Chicago), Yanilda M. González (Harvard Kennedy... González YM. [Reforming to Avoid Reform: Strategic Policy Substitution and the Reform Gap in Policing](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/reforming-to-avoid-reform-strategic-policy-substitution-and-the-reform-gap-in-policing/3F4CEBB557CAB700AB2EA8CF0B2B6542). Perspectives on Politics . 2023;21(1):28. González YM. [Reforming to Avoid Reform: Strategic Policy Substitution and the Reform Gap in Policing](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/abs/reforming-to-avoid-reform-strategic-policy-substitution-and-the-reform-gap-in-policing/3F4CEBB557CAB700AB2EA8CF0B2B6542). Perspectives on Politics . 2023;21(1):28. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Institutional reforms often diverge from substantive problems and societal demands that originally prompted reform, raising questions about democratic responsiveness. Such reform gaps are prevalent in policing, wherein some police forces improve capacity... González YM, Mayka L. [Policing, Democratic Participation, and Reproduction of Asymmetric Citizenship](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/policing-democratic-participation-and-the-reproduction-of-asymmetric-citizenship/8BF893031E6DAD7CEA592904140C12ED). American Political Science Review. 2023;117(1):13. González YM, Mayka L. [Policing, Democratic Participation, and Reproduction of Asymmetric Citizenship](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/policing-democratic-participation-and-the-reproduction-of-asymmetric-citizenship/8BF893031E6DAD7CEA592904140C12ED). American Political Science Review. 2023;117(1):13. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Can democratic participation reduce inequalities in citizenship produced by policing? We argue that citizen participation in policing produces a paradox, which we call asymmetric citizenship. For some citizens, expanding participation in policing expands... ### 2019 González YM. [Participation as a Safety Valve: Police Reform Through Participatory Security in Latin America](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/article/participation-as-a-safety-valve-police-reform-through-participatory-security-in-latin-america/4AB08E791935A4FB0A430B39EFBD6654). Latin American Politics and Society. 2019;61(2):68–92. González YM. [Participation as a Safety Valve: Police Reform Through Participatory Security in Latin America](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/latin-american-politics-and-society/article/participation-as-a-safety-valve-police-reform-through-participatory-security-in-latin-america/4AB08E791935A4FB0A430B39EFBD6654). Latin American Politics and Society. 2019;61(2):68–92. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract The institutionalization of community participation in the context of policing has become increasingly common in Latin America as a means of addressing the seemingly intractable increase in crime and insecurity. The creation of formal spaces for... González YM. [The Social Origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: Preferences, Power, and Police Reform](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/social-origins-of-institutional-weakness-and-change-preferences-power-and-police-reform-in-latin-america/48687E91FED8A6A4369B420EB583766C). World Politics. 2019;71(1):44–87. González YM. [The Social Origins of Institutional Weakness and Change: Preferences, Power, and Police Reform](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/social-origins-of-institutional-weakness-and-change-preferences-power-and-police-reform-in-latin-america/48687E91FED8A6A4369B420EB583766C). World Politics. 2019;71(1):44–87. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Despite historic increases in crime and violence, Latin America’s police forces are characterized by long periods of institutional weakness punctuated by rare, sweeping reforms. To understand these patterns of institutional continuity and change, the... González YM. [The Swinging Pendulum of Police Reform in the Americas](https://online.ucpress.edu/currenthistory/article-split/118/811/291/107524/The-Swinging-Pendulum-of-Police-Reform-in-the). Current History. 2019;118:291–297. González YM. [The Swinging Pendulum of Police Reform in the Americas](https://online.ucpress.edu/currenthistory/article-split/118/811/291/107524/The-Swinging-Pendulum-of-Police-Reform-in-the). Current History. 2019;118:291–297. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract The role of exercising the state's coercive authority makes the police both an instrument of power and a formidable political actor whose cooperation is needed by politicians. ### 2017 González YM. [‘What citizens can see of the state’: Police and the construction of democratic citizenship in Latin America](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1362480617724826). Theoretical Criminology. 2017;21(3):494–511. González YM. [‘What citizens can see of the state’: Police and the construction of democratic citizenship in Latin America](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1362480617724826). Theoretical Criminology. 2017;21(3):494–511. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract Police exercise the state’s monopoly of legitimate use of force, a fundamental state function that shapes the construction of citizenship. What are the implications for citizenship when that monopoly is profoundly contested and unevenly distributed? This... ### 2016 González YM. [Varieties of Participatory Security: Assessing Community Participation in Policing in Latin America](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pad.1752). Public Administration and Development. 2016;36:132–143. González YM. [Varieties of Participatory Security: Assessing Community Participation in Policing in Latin America](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pad.1752). Public Administration and Development. 2016;36:132–143. - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract The language of community and societal participation in the context of crime prevention has become ubiquitous throughout Latin America, as governments increasingly turn to police–community partnerships as a means of addressing the seemingly intractable...